Includes bibliographical references and index.

Introduction: Your Research and Your Audience -- What Is Research? -- Connecting with Your Audience -- Understanding Your Role -- Imagining the Role of Your Audience -- How to Use This Book -- Asking Questions, Seeking Answers -- Planning Your Project—An Overview -- From Topics to Questions -- From an Interest to a Topic -- From Focused Topic to Research Question -- The Most Significant Question: So What? -- From Questions to a Problem -- Understanding Research Problems -- Distinguishing Between “Pure” and “Applied” Research -- Connecting Research to Practical Consequences -- Finding a Good Research Problem -- Learning to Work with Problems -- Sources and Resources -- Sources and Authentic Research -- Finding and Evaluating Sources -- Understanding Three Types of Sources -- Making the Most of the Library -- Locating Sources Online -- Evaluating Sources for Relevance and Reliability -- Looking Beyond Predictable Sources -- Using People to Further Your Research -- Engaging Sources -- Recording Complete Bibliographic Information -- Engaging Sources Actively -- Reading for a Problem -- Reading for Arguments -- Reading for Data and Support -- Taking Notes Systematically -- Annotating Your Sources -- Making Your Argument -- Assembling a Research Argument -- Making Good Arguments: An Overview -- Argument as Conversation -- Assembling the Core of Your Argument -- Explaining Your Reasoning with Warrants -- Acknowledging and Responding to Anticipated Questions and Objections -- Planning Your Research Argument -- Creating Your Ethos -- Making Claims -- Determining the Kind of Claim You Should Make -- Evaluating Your Claim -- Qualifying Claims to Enhance Your Credibility -- Assembling Reasons and Evidence -- Using Reasons to Plan Your Argument -- Distinguishing Evidence from Reasons -- Determining the Kind of Evidence You Need -- Distinguishing Evidence from Reports of It -- Evaluating Your Evidence -- Warrants -- Warrants in Everyday Reasoning -- Warrants in Research Arguments -- Testing Warrants -- Knowing When to State a Warrant -- Using Warrants to Test Your Argument -- Challenging Others’ Warrants -- Acknowledgments and Responses -- Questions About Your Research Problem -- Questions About the Soundness of Your Argument -- Imagining Alternatives to Your Argument -- Deciding What to Acknowledge -- Framing Your Responses as Sub-Arguments -- The Vocabulary of Acknowledgment and Response -- Delivering Your Argument -- Planning, Writing, and Thinking -- Planning and Drafting -- Why a Formal Paper? -- Planning Your Paper -- Avoiding Three Common but Flawed Patterns -- Turning Your Plan into a Draft -- Revising and Organizing -- Thinking Like a Reader -- Revising Your Frame -- Revising Your Argument -- Revising Your Organization -- Checking Your Paragraphs -- Letting Your Draft Cool, Then Revisiting It -- Incorporating Sources -- Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Quoting -- Creating a Fair Summary -- Creating a Fair Paraphrase -- Using Direct Quotations -- Mixing Summary, Paraphrase, and Quotation -- Showing Readers How Evidence Is Relevant -- The Social Importance of Citing Sources -- Four Common Citation Styles -- Guarding Against Inadvertent Plagiarism -- Communicating Evidence Visually -- Choosing Visual or Verbal Representations -- Choosing the Most Effective Graphic -- Designing Tables, Charts, and Graphs -- Specific Guidelines for Tables, Bar Charts, and Line Graphs -- Representing Data Ethically -- Introductions and Conclusions -- The Common Structure of Introductions -- Stating a Context -- Stating Your Problem -- Stating Your Response -- Setting the Right Pace -- Finding Your First Few Words -- Writing Your Conclusion -- Revising Style: Telling Your Story Clearly -- Judging Style -- The First Two Principles of Clear Writing -- A Third Principle: Old Before New -- Choosing Between the Active and Passive Voice -- A Final Principle: Complexity Last -- Editorial Polish -- Research Presentations -- Presenting to Auditors -- Giving a Preliminary Presentation -- Giving a Final Presentation -- Some Last Considerations -- The Ethics of Research -- Your Ethical Obligation to Yourself -- Your Ethical Obligations to Your Audience and Fellow Researchers -- Research and Social Responsibility -- A Final Thought -- Advice for Teachers -- The Risks of Imposing Formal Rules -- On Assignment Scenarios: Creating a Ground for Curiosity -- Accepting the Inevitable Messiness of Learning -- Our Debts -- Appendix: A Brief Guide to Bibliographic and Other Resources -- Index.

With more than a million copies sold since its first publication, The Craft of Research has guided generations of readers at all levels to become better researchers, thinkers, and communicators. The original authors--all of them legendary teachers--believed that research is a communal activity and illustrated how to choose meaningful topics, make sound and compelling arguments, and convey these arguments effectively in writing for the benefit of other researchers. While preserving the book's proven approach to the research process, as well as its distinctive voice and general structure, this new edition recognizes the more diverse ways research is conducted and communicated today. Thoroughly revised by Joseph Bizup and William T. FitzGerald, it acknowledges that research may end in a product other than a paper--or no product at all--and includes a new chapter about effective presentations. It features new examples on contemporary research topics and accounts for new technologies used in research, including basic guidelines for appropriate use of generative AI. And it ends with an expanded chapter on ethics that addresses researchers' broader obligations to their research communities and audiences as well as systemic questions about ethical research practices. This beloved classic is now ready for a new and more diverse generation of researchers -- Provided by publisher.